Sudan and its armed forces
Sudan is a vast country rich in natural resources.
Agricultural (fertile land), animal, mineral, plant and water.
The main dependence of Sudan is agriculture; It is 80% of the population's activity.
It also depends on industry, especially agricultural industries.
Until the second half of 2008, the Sudanese economy thrived on the back of increased oil production, higher oil prices, and large inflows of foreign direct investment. GDP growth was more than 10% annually in 2006 and 2007. From 1997 to date, Sudan has been working with the International Monetary Fund to implement macroeconomic reforms, including a controlled float of the exchange rate. Sudan began exporting crude oil in the last quarter of 1999. Agricultural production is still important, as it employs 80% of the labor force and contributes to a third of the GDP. The conflict in Darfur, after two decades of civil war in the south, the lack of basic infrastructure in large areas, and the reliance by much of the population on subsistence farming ensured that much of the population would remain at or below the poverty line for years despite a rapid rise in the per capita rate. of income. In January 2007, the government introduced a new currency, the Sudanese pound, based on an initial exchange rate of $1.00 equaling 2 Sudanese pounds. However, a crisis occurred in the Sudanese economy, so that the Central Bank was forced to raise the exchange rate of the local currency until it rose to 30 Sudanese pounds for every dollar.
Historical
background
The
establishment of the Sudanese army dates back to before the Kingdom of Kush 732
BC, and the Kingdom of Kush is attributed to Kush bin Ham and took this name
during the coronation of Kashta, the first king of the Twenty-fifth Nubian
Dynasty.
The
nucleus of the modern Sudanese army was established before 1955 AD, and it was
known at that time as the Sudan Defense Force, and it consisted of a number of
Sudanese soldiers under the command of the occupying British army. On behalf of
the Sudanese army.
The
Sudanese army was known for its long combat experience, as it remained in a
fighting position since (World War II) and the post-independence period due to
the intermittent rebellion and civil wars, which earned it a lot of composure
and discipline under all circumstances.
The political activity of the Sudanese army
The
Sudanese army was not absent from the political scene, as it successfully
seized power in Sudan four times, except for the failed attempts:
The first on November 17, 1958 AD, led by Lieutenant General Ibrahim Abboud
The second on May 25, 1969 AD, under the leadership of Colonel Jaafar Nimeiri
The third was on April 6, 1985 AD, when Field Marshal Abd al-Rahman Siwar al-Dahab, the Minister of Defense at the time, was assigned to head a temporary military council to rule Sudan after the uprising.
Fourth, on June 30, 1989 AD, under the leadership of Brigadier General Omar al-Bashir, former President of Sudan.
Fifth, on April 11, 2019, under the leadership of Lieutenant General Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf, Minister of Defense and Vice President Omar al-Bashir at the time, headed by a temporary military council to rule Sudan after the December 19 revolution.
Foreign operations of the Sudanese army
Painting
of Sudanese power in Mexico
He was also known for the ferocity of the Sudanese soldiers and the strength of patience, which is one of the features in which he witnessed wars in which he participated, such as the South Sudan war and World War II, where teams of them participated in battles in Mexico when Sudan was occupied by Britain, and he participated in several external and internal operations, some of which ended in defeat The enemy, as happened to the Italians - who were occupying Eritrea - when they tried the city of Kassala in the east of the country, that victory that inspired British Prime Minister Churchill and made him refrain from surrendering to the Germans, as he stated later.
The Sudanese army played regional and international roles. In the past, Sudanese units participated within the Egyptian army in the wars of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt, in the years 1854 AD and 1856 AD, in Crimea on the side of Turkey, then in Mexico in the year 1862 AD, when France, England and Spain requested The Khedive of Egypt sent a band of Sudanese to protect its subjects against Mexican bands. In World War I, Britain sent two companies of Sudanese soldiers to Djibouti, at the request of France, to replace the Senegalese soldiers there.
Sudanese army organization:
Emblem
of the Sudanese Airborne Forces
From
an organizational point of view, the Sudanese Armed Forces consist of six
regional commands:
Central Command in (Khartoum)
Eastern Command in Gedaref
Western Command in El Fasher
Central command in white
Northern Command in Shendi
The Southern Command was in Juba before the secession of the south in 2011.
training
The Karary University of Military Technology (War College) in Wadi Sayedna - which is located north of the city of Omdurman - undertakes the task of training and educating Sudanese military students and military students from other Arab and African countries such as Yemen, Somalia, Kenya, the United Arab Emirates, Burkina Faso, Chad, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Uganda, Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia and others, due to its good military reputation, as sixty (60) Ugandan officers graduated from it in 1982 as a contribution from Sudan to rebuilding the Ugandan army after the overthrow of the former Ugandan president, General Idi Amin Dada.
Other specialized military colleges and institutes:
Navy College
Institute of Moral Guidance and Services
Institute of the Corps of Engineers
Nimeiry Higher Military Academy
Joint Command and Staff College
Infantry Institute - Jibit
Military Institute for Administrative Sciences
Non-commissioned Officers School - Jebeit
Military Vocational Training Center
Parachute Institute
Information Systems Institute
And when the Sudan Defense Force was established, the nucleus of the current Sudanese army in the year 1925, teams of them participated in the war operations in World War II, where they fought against the Italians in Eritrea and Ethiopia and stopped their progress on the fronts of Kassala and Qallabat, and they did well in the Battle of Kern in Eritrea, and they also participated in the campaign Western Desert to support the French, as it was stationed in the oases of Kufra and Gallo in the Libyan desert under the leadership of the British commander Archibald Wavell, and in El Alamein to stop the progress of German General Rommel, nicknamed the Desert Fox. It also participated in the Palestine War in 1948 AD, with about 250 soldiers. In the October 1973 war, the Sudanese government sent an infantry brigade force to the Sinai Peninsula. The Sudanese armed forces also participated in international operations aimed at maintaining peace and stability, as in the Belgian Congo in 1960, in Chad in 1979, in Namibia in 1989 AD, and in Lebanon as part of the Arab peacekeeping forces under the banner of the League of Arab States, and participated in the process of restoring the civilian government. In the Republic of the Comoros, where the Sudanese paratroopers contributed to recovering the island of Anjouan and handing it over to the Comoros government in 2008.
